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Acne — scientifically known as acne vulgaris — is a persistent skin condition that develops when oil and dead skin cells clog the hair follicles. It often shows up as blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and oily patches, sometimes leaving behind scars. This condition tends to affect areas rich in oil glands, such as the face, chest, and back.

While acne itself is physical, its emotional impact runs deep. Many who struggle with it experience embarrassment, social anxiety, and low self-esteem. In severe cases, it can even lead to depression — a reminder that this is more than just a “skin issue.”

Around 80% of acne cases are linked to genetics, meaning it often runs in families. The influence of diet and smoking remains uncertain, and contrary to popular belief, neither hygiene nor sunlight exposure plays a major role. In both men and women, hormones called androgens are key drivers — they trigger the skin to produce excess sebum, which clogs pores. Another common culprit is the overgrowth of a natural skin bacterium called Cutibacterium acnes, which can worsen inflammation and breakouts.